Generate Quiz 68E2388A9B41D

Due to the two types of alleles, it will be heterozygous, and because heterozygotes exhibit the dominant traits, it will be dominant.

Heterozygous people are unable to observe and recognize whether a recessive allele is present for a particular gene or not because the dominant gene masks its effect.

Because males only have one X chromosome, they are XO. All of the other sex chromosomes are absent. Males produce two different kinds of sperm, making them heterogametic.

recall of facts;

The antibiotic resistance genes ‘bla’, which codes for the ampicillin resistance (AmpR) protein, and ‘tetA’, which codes for the tetracycline resistance (TetR) protein, are found in pBR322, which is base pairs long.

The genotype of the dominant individual can be ascertained by crossing a homozygous recessive individual with an individual exhibiting a dominant trait. All of the offspring will exhibit the dominant trait if the dominant individual is homozygous; however, if the individual is heterozygous, half of the offspring will exhibit the dominant trait and the other half will exhibit the recessive trait.

Reverse transcriptase’s general function is to change RNA sequences into cDNA sequences that can be inserted into various genomic locations.

The ovum determines the sex of the offspring in the ZW system, as opposed to the sperm in the XY and X0 sex-determination systems. The heterogametic sex (ZW) is represented by females, and the homogametic sex (ZZ) by males. Similar to the X chromosome in the XY system, the Z chromosome is bigger and contains more genes. In 1914, J. Seiler made the discovery of the ZZ-ZW system.

During gel electrophoresis, agarose gel is utilized. When the restriction fragments are run on the agarose gel, they can be sorted based on their length (molecular weight or size).

One type of dominance in a heterozygous state is complete dominance, in which the dominant allele totally obscures the effects of the recessive allele. Option C describes “Incomplete Dominance,” which occurs when a dominant gene or allele does not entirely obscure the effects of a recessive allele, and the physical characteristics of the organism that results demonstrate a blending of both alleles.

Since the gene is the molecular unit of heredity, Option C is accurate. Since the gene is a brief DNA segment that codes for a polypeptide, Option A is not correct. There are numerous genes in a DNA molecule. Since RNA contains codons rather than genes, Option B is erroneous. Given that genes comprise distinct DNA sequences known as genotypes, option D is erroneous. Therefore, it is not the genotype’s molecular unit.

D. The work completed in an electric circuit in time ‘T’ is known as electric power.
W = QV, but P = W/T

So, the equation becomes, P = QV/t As, Q = I t P = ItV /t P = IV
As a result, power and voltage are directly correlated.

The term “phenotype” describes an organism’s observable characteristics, such as its morphology and structure.

Those who are biologically male always receive their father’s Y chromosome and their mother’s X chromosome.

A pedigree is a family tree’s genetic representation that shows how a trait or illness is passed down through multiple generations. The relationships between family members are displayed in the pedigree, which also identifies the people who exhibit or subtly possess the characteristic in question.

This choice is accurate since transgenic organisms do entail the insertion of foreign genes, can contribute to the creation of pharmaceuticals, and have advantages that can be seen in a number of applications.

Because the person with blood group AB will have both A and B antigens on their cells, the body will recognize both A and B, making it easy to transfuse blood group B to them.

Bacteria contain a class of enzymes called restriction endonucleases. They are known as endonucleases because they target bacteriophage viruses, which are viruses that attack bacteria, and they cut the viral genome from within the strand rather than across. Because they limit the activity of viruses or the likelihood of a viral infection, they are known as restriction enzymes.

Only recipients with blood type AB can receive donations from donors with blood type AB.

The law of segregation states that when two pure breeds (RR and rr, for example) are crossed, the dominant trait is present in every F1 generation, and their genotype is Rr.We refer to them as hybrids.The F2 generation that results from crossing hybrids has a 3:1 phenotypic ratio.

and they have a 1:2:1 genotypic ratio.

It’s a challenging question. The AKU 2022 test also included a question similar to this one. In general, the distance between them increases with the crossing over percentages. The distance between P and Q will be the greatest. Thus, P is at the beginning and Q is at the end. We now need to determine if S or R comes first. Since PR occurs more frequently than PS, S will approach P. We obtain the PSRQ sequence by combining all of this data.

This is the right response. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the source of the type II restriction enzyme EcoR1. It cleaves the DNA at the precise location after identifying a particular DNA sequence. It facilitates the insertion of foreign DNA into plasmid vectors by creating DNA fragments with cohesive (sticky) ends.

The resulting ratio is 2:1, or 12 red to 6 white. By crossing two F1 generations, the expected ratio can be computed: Bb x Bb will result in BB; Bb; Bb; bb. The ratio is 3:1 as a result.

Sex determination is the process of establishing sex through differential development in a person at a young age. It is also known as syngametic sex determination and is established at the time of fertilization. The male is heteromorphic, with one X chromosome that is similar to the female’s and one shorter and morphologically distinct Y chromosome. The female is homomorphic (isomorphic), with two similar sex chromosomes, XX. The male is heterogametic (produces two types of sperm, X or Y), while the female is homogametic (produces similar eggs). The type of sperm (X or Y) that fuses with the ovum (X) at fertilization determines sex.

In DNA recombinant technology, plasmids—small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules—are modified and subsequently introduced into cells.

Bone marrow stem cells are extracted from the patient as part of gene therapy for SCID. A retrovirus that introduces the normal gene into the cells is injected into these cells. After being given back to the patient, the stem cells begin to produce the required enzyme.

The degree to which a specific gene or group of genes is expressed in the phenotypes of those who carry it is known as penetration. The percentage of carriers exhibiting the distinctive phenotype is used to quantify it. Because a gene’s penetrance will be 100% or 1 if it manifests as a particular phenotype. Option D is therefore accurate.

The alleles of two or more distinct genes are sorted into gametes independently of one another, meaning that the allele a gamete receives for one gene has no bearing on the allele it receives for another, according to the law of independent assortment. As a result, two distinct genes or traits are inherited independently of one another. Genes must be inherited TOGETHER, that is, linked, in order for them to NOT assort independently. When the loci of the genes are near to one another on a single chromosome, this is more likely to happen. Option A is the only one that describes this situation.

OPN1SW, the gene that codes for the blue pigment, is found on chromosome 7’s long arm. OPTION A: Chromosome 7 contains the gene for blue opsin, which is involved in color vision. Given its size and other distinctive characteristics, this chromosome—one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes that humans possess—is referred to as “chromosome 7”. The blue opsin gene, which is found on chromosome 7, is essential for the healthy operation of the photoreceptor cells in the eye, along with other opsin genes that are in charge of various color perception. OPTION B: More than 120 serious human diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, inflammatory, immunological, and infectious diseases, as well as mental illnesses, are functionally linked to chromosome 6.

The best way to identify the genotype of the plant with purple flowers is to test cross it with a homozygous white-flowered plant (option A). The plant with the unknown genotype is homozygous dominant for purple flowers if all of its progeny have purple blooms. The plant with the unknown genotype is heterozygous for purple flowers if any of the progeny have white flowers. The genotype of the plant with purple flowers cannot be ascertained using Option B: Test cross with homozygous purple-flowered plant. Regardless of the genotype of the plant with the unknown genotype, all of the test cross’s progeny would have purple flowers. Option C: Use a heterozygous purple-flowered plant to test the cross:

Option A is accurate since A gene found on one of the 22 pairs of non-sex chromosomes in the human genome is said to be inherited autosomally. There are two possible inheritance patterns for genes found on autosomes: dominant and recessive. Only one copy of the mutated gene is needed for the trait or disorder to manifest in dominant inheritance. Accordingly, if one parent has the gene mutation, the child has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutation and exhibiting the trait or disorder with each pregnancy. Achondroplasia and Huntington’s disease are two instances of autosomal dominant diseases. Two copies of the mutated gene are needed for the trait or disorder to manifest in recessive inheritance.

One kind of chromosome involved in determining sex is called a sex chromosome. X and Y are the two sex chromosomes found in humans and the majority of other mammals. Males normally have an X and a Y chromosome, whereas females have two X chromosomes.

Restriction enzymes, also known as restriction endonucleases, cut double-stranded DNA at a specific location after identifying a particular nucleotide sequence.

PCR does not require the presence of ribonucleotides. Instead of using ribonucleotides, PCR uses deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dATP, dCTP, dGTP, and dTTP) to synthesize DNA.

The right choice is D since there is a 50% chance that a carrier hemophiliac woman will have hemophiliac male children if she marries a normal man. This is not one of the options provided.

In W 1W 2Z/ZZ systems, sex chromosome separation seems to be accurate even when two W chromosomes are paired to one Z chromosome.

When a heterozygote’s phenotype falls between those of the two homozygotes, it indicates that its traits are a combination of dominant and recessive traits; for example, a black and white rabbit will have grey offspring.

The man must be heterozygous for Rh-positive since his father was Rh-negative and he is Rh-positive. Since a recessive allele only manifests itself in homozygous circumstances, a negative woman should be homozygous. The progeny exhibit the dominant and recessive phenotypes in a 1:1 ratio when a heterozygous dominant individual is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual. Therefore, their child has a 50% chance of being “affected” by a Rh negative phenotype.

Anti-tetanus serum can be used to treat tetanus, a bactenal infection. Passive immunity can happen naturally, like when a baby gets a mother’s antibodies through breast milk or the placenta, or artificially, like when someone gets an injection of antibodies (gamma globulin injection).

A bleeding disorder called hemophilia slows down the clotting of blood. The inheritance pattern for hemophilia A and hemophilia B is X-linked recessive. One of the two sex chromosomes, the X chromosome, contains the genes linked to these disorders. One mutated copy of the gene in each cell is enough to cause the condition in males (who have only one X chromosome). For the disorder to manifest in females (who have two X chromosomes), the gene must be mutated in both copies. It is extremely uncommon for females to have hemophilia because it is unlikely that they will have two mutated copies of this gene. The inability of fathers to pass on X-linked traits to their sons is a feature of X-linked inheritance.

A person who only has one member of a chromosome pair or segment instead of the typical two is said to be hemizygous. When describing X-linked genes in males with a single X chromosome, hemizygosity is frequently used.

Each of the father’s children may inherit the A or B allele. Due to the A or B allele inherited from the father, the child cannot have blood type O, even if the mother does. O is subordinate to A and B alleles. Two copies of the O allele, one from each parent, are required for blood type O, the recessive phenotype. Given the circumstances, this is not feasible.

When genes that are not alleles interact, the effect of one gene is suppressed because of the presence of another. This phenomenon is known as epistasis.

Mendelian genetics and the law of segregation serve as the foundation for this query. The characteristics of wrinkled and green seeds are recessive, whereas the characteristics of round and yellow seeds are dominant. The F1 generation will all be heterozygous round yellow seeded (RrYy) if a homozygous green wrinkled seeded plant (rryy) is crossed with a homozygous round yellow seeded plant (RRYY). The F2 generation’s phenotypic ratio will be 9 round yellow when these F1 plants are crossed with one another. One wrinkled green, three round green, and three wrinkled yellow.

Microinjection: This is the right response. One method frequently employed in transgenic animal research is microinjection. This method involves directly injecting a desired gene into the nucleus of a developing embryo or the pronucleus of a fertilized egg. The desired gene is expressed in the animal’s progeny as a result of the injected gene becoming integrated into the animal’s genome.

All of the molecular components listed above are used in recombinant DNA technology because, to put it simply, the technology’s primary goal is to use molecular scissors to cut a segment of DNA (the gene of interest) from another DNA segment. In order to guarantee that the foreign gene segment is permanently incorporated into the host’s DNA, the isolated gene is then inserted into the host organism’s DNA using molecular glue.

It indicates that the tall trait is dominant and the short trait is recessive if a particular plant type is only tall when it has a heterozygous genotype. Let’s use “T” to stand for the recessive allele for shortness and “T” to stand for the dominant allele for tallness. Each parent contributes one allele for tallness (T) and one allele for shortness (t) when two heterozygous plants (Tt x Tt) are crossed. The offspring may have the following genotypes: TT (tall), Tt (tall), Tt (tall), or TT (short). Three of these four potential genotypes (TT, Tt, and Tt) produce the tall phenotype. Consequently, there is a three out of four chance that the child will be tall.

Gene transfer between organisms is now feasible thanks to recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology.

In a criminal investigation, a laboratory technique called DNA fingerprinting is used to connect biological evidence to a suspect. A suspect’s DNA sample and a sample collected from a crime scene are compared and examined. The evidence originated from that suspect if the two DNA profiles match.