Generate Quiz 68E456450C03C

The letter “P” stands for phosphorus, which is the form of soluble phosphate that plants store.

Alongside HCI, the stomach releases the protease enzyme pepsin. The pH falls to extremely low levels due to HCI, however this enzyme has evolved to function best at a pH as low as 2.

In vertebrates, the small intestine is where most absorption takes place, though the stomach and large intestine also play a role. The absorptive cells that line the alimentary canal have two primary characteristics: they are brush-bordered with fine microvilli at their end and contain a large number of mitochondria, ER, and Golgi bodies. The surface area available for absorption is increased by microvilli. There are three main processes involved in absorption: Hulk transfer, active absorption, and passive absorption. The energy-free movement of substances in concentration and electrochemical gradient is known as passive absorption. The energy-dependent, carrier-mediated movement of substances across plasma membranes is known as active absorption.

A complex of enzymes called zymase catalyzes the fermentation of sugar to produce carbon dioxide and ethanol. Yeasts naturally contain it. Yeast strains differ in their zymase activity. The medication pancrelipase is also marketed under the name Zymase.

Salivary glands under the tongue do not produce amylase.One of the main salivary glands under the tongue is the sublingual gland. Although they aid in the production of saliva, they do not generate amylase. Rather, mucus that lubricates the oral cavity and makes swallowing easier is the main secreted by the sublingual glands.

An enzyme called rennin aids in the digestion of the colon in newborns. The stomach releases an enzyme called rennin. Only infants’ gastric juice contains the enzyme rennin; adult humans do not. Option A is therefore accurate.

The small intestine’s ileum aids in the absorption of food that has been broken down. However, undigested food from the stomach is broken down by the duodenum and jejunum. The small intestine is where about 95% of nutrient molecules are absorbed.

Chemoautotrophic nutrition refers to energy generated by chemical processes. The main focus is on inorganic chemicals, which are utilized in the synthesis of various organic molecules.

Chemotrophic feeding involves the following reaction:

2NO2 + 2H2O + 4H+ + energy -> NH4 + 3O2 + light

Polypeptides are broken down by amino peptidase into amino acids and dipeptides.

The caecum contains certain symbiotic bacteria that aid in the production of “Vitamin K,” which is vital to human health.

When there is more glucose in the body than is necessary, it is converted to glycogen. The biochemical process that converts glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate and glucose is known as glycogenolysis. An amino acid that can undergo gluconeogenesis and be transformed into glucose is known as a glucogenic amino acid.

Serious diseases with obvious symptoms are caused by deficiencies in certain elements. For instance, a lack of nitrogen in the soil causes strong chlorosis (a lack of chlorophyll) and stunted growth, especially in older leaves. Phosphorus deficiency results in roots that grow more slowly. Potassium-deficient soil results in yellow and brown leaf margins and early plant death. Chlorosis is the result of a magnesium deficiency.

Food is broken down into chyme, a semi-solid/semi-liquid substance, by the contraction of the stomach’s muscular walls as it enters the stomach and mixes with gastric juices. After that, the stomach gradually releases the chyme into the small intestine, where it undergoes additional digestion and nutrient absorption. A small, rounded mass of food that has been chewed and is prepared for swallowing is referred to as a “bolus.” The mucous membranes lining the stomach and intestines, among other organs, secrete a slimy substance called mucus to lubricate and protect them.

The side walls of the gastric glands are home to the majority of the large oxyntic cells, also known as parietal calls. Because of their strong eosin dye staining, they are known as oxyntic cells. Because they are located against the basement membrane, they are known as parietal cells. They release Castle’s intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid.

The four cell types found in the gastric gland are enteroendocrine, mucous neck, chief, and parietal cells. The gastric gland contains no cells of the sinusoidal cell type.

Protein is broken down in the oral cavity, but cellulose and fats are not.

The colon is the largest part of the large intestine. The ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon are its four components.

Since solid milk digests more slowly and causes solidification, milk-drinking babies have an extra enzyme called rennin, which makes them feel less hungry even when they are only eating milk.

A great source of high-quality protein is soybeans.

The food is broken down by the gastric juice’s hydrochloric acid, and the proteins are separated by the digestive enzymes. Bacteria are also killed by the acidic gastric juice. The mucus creates a protective layer over the stomach wall.

Gastrin is the hormone that regulates the production of gastric juice. G cells are unique cells in the stomach that produce gastrin. It is essential for digestion and the breakdown of food in the stomach because it stimulates the release of gastric acid. A number of stimuli, including the presence of food in the stomach or the stretching of the stomach wall, cause the release of gastrin.

Because it controls the body’s hormonal balance and digestive processes, somatostatin is essential for preserving homeostasis.

The intestinal villi contain central lymph vessels called lacteals. It has to do with how fat is absorbed.

Goblet cells’ main job is to produce a protective mucus layer and secrete mucin. It is also believed that goblet cells play a role in immunoregulation. Light microscopy can be used to examine goblet cell samples that have been cryopreserved.

Salivary amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch into smaller polysaccharides, followed by maltose. The enzyme maltase breaks down maltose into two glucose molecules.Fructose and glucose are produced when sucrose is broken down by sucrase. Lactose, also known as “milk sugar,” is broken down by lactase into glucose and galactose.

Choice A:

The primary dental structures in the oral cavity, the teeth, break up and grind food into digestible chunks.

Choice: C

The oral cavity is not responsible for food absorption.

Choices B and D:

Saliva serves the oral cavity’s primary purposes of digestion and lubrication.

Chapter 12 of PTB XI, page 246

Saliva plays a variety of roles in the oral cavity, one of which is to act as a lubricant between the soft (mucosal) and hard (enamel) tissues.

Food waste is converted to stool by the large intestine’s absorption of salts and water.