Generate Quiz 688DB472BE100

The following is the explanation:

l = 1500 W/m^2.

λ = 5000Å

E = hf

E = hc/λ

Since c is equal to 3×10^8 (the speed of light),

Plank’s constant, h, is equal to 6.626 × 10^-34 m^2 kg / s.

Photon count received (n = I/E)

Iλ/hc = n

n = (1500)(5000Å)/(6.626 × 10^-34 )(3×10^8) n = 3.77×10^21

The wavelength of light has an inverse relationship with photon energy. This implies that photons with higher energy have shorter wavelengths.

The wavelengths of ultraviolet light are shorter than those of visible light. Higher energy photons are indicated by shorter wavelengths as you proceed from violet to ultraviolet in the spectrum.

The following is the formula for stopping potential:

K.Emax=leV0l

Reorganizing:

V0 = K.Emax/e

V0 = 2.4 eV/e

V0=2.4 V solution!

The potential needed to prevent electrons from being ejected from a metal surface when an incident beam of energy larger than the metal’s work potential is focused on it is known as the stopping potential. Potential for stopping can never be zero.

Some radioactive nuclei emit beta radiation, a form of ionizing radiation. Through a process known as beta decay, high-energy electrons, or beta particles, are released from the nucleus. In B-radiation, the electron does not come from a particular place inside the atom. As an alternative, it is produced when a neutron decays into a proton and an electron. A beta particle is created when the electron is subsequently expelled from the nucleus with a high kinetic energy.

The following is the explanation:

One way to express frequency is as

f = E/h

f = (66.3×1.6 x 10^-19) / (6.63×10^-34)

f = 1.6 x 10^16 Hz

The atomic number determines an atom’s chemical characteristics. The valence electrons that determine a substance’s chemical properties can be obtained from its atomic number.

An atom’s chemical characteristics do not change when neutrons are added to its nucleus because the atomic number of particles stays constant. However, the addition of electrons, protons, or alpha particles alters the atomic number, which in turn alters the chemical properties.

The number of protons determines the number of electrons in an element’s atom, which in turn determines the element’s chemical characteristics.

One unit—no units—is the right response.

A neutron in the nucleus decays into a proton and an electron when a beta particle is released. The proton stays in the nucleus while the electron is released as a beta particle. Given that there are one more proton than neutrons, the atom’s atomic number is altered by one unit. Since the mass of the electron is so small in relation to the mass of the neutron or proton, the atom’s mass number remains unchanged.

The phenomenon known as the photoelectric effect can only be explained by taking into account that light is a particle. When light is viewed as discrete energy packets (photons), the photoelectric effect is essentially the result of photons and electrons interacting in a material to produce electron emission. Since option D clearly illustrates the particle nature of light, it is the best option.

An electron moves to a higher orbital when it absorbs energy. We refer to this as an excited state. An excited electron has the ability to “fall” to a lower state by releasing energy.

The spontaneous breakdown of unstable atomic nuclei into other atomic nuclei to create more energetically stable atomic nuclei is known as radioactivity. A tiny quantity of mass is transformed into energy during the first-order, highly exoergic, statistically random process of radioactive decay. The study of how matter absorbs and emits light and other radiation is known as spectroscopy. One kind of laboratory method for figuring out a substance’s mass or concentration is gravimetric analysis, which measures a change in mass. Chromatography is the process of separating a mixture’s constituents, or solutes, according to the proportions of each solute dispersed between a stationary phase and a moving fluid stream, known as the mobile phase.

In nuclear and particle physics, the cross-sectional area of particle interactions is commonly expressed in terms of one barn, a unit of area. One barn’s size is equivalent to 10^(-28) square meters (m^2).

Each alpha particle released reduces the atomic number by two and the mass number by four.

The parent atom is unaffected by gamma emission.

The proton number rises by one as a result of beta emission.

Any type of radiation can be perfectly absorbed by a black body. But when heated, it produces black body radiation, which is a very powerful radiation emitter. Wien’s law states that the wavelength of the radiation emitted and the black body’s absolute temperature are indirectly proportional to one another.

Depending on the viewpoint of the observer, a frame of reference may be stationary or dynamic. It may also be speeding up. For example, your frame of reference is fixed when you’re watching cars go by while standing on the side of the road. But when you’re in a moving car, your frame of reference isn’t stationary; instead, it moves with the vehicle.

An analytical technique for figuring out the (stable isotope) concentration of trace elements in a sample’s bulk is called activation analysis (AA).

Radioactive substances are those that break down (or decay) by releasing radiation on their own. For instance, actinium, thorium, polonium, uranium, radium, etc.

After going through a process known as dispersion, white light produces a spectrum. The phenomenon known as dispersion occurs when light travels through a prism or diffraction grating and is divided into its individual colors, or wavelengths.

All of the electromagnetic spectrum’s visible colors combine to form white light. Because of their different wavelengths, the various colors of light are refracted (bent) to varying degrees when white light passes through a prism. As a result, the various colors disperse to create a continuous spectrum, sometimes referred to as a rainbow or a spectrum of colors.

Because the refractive index of a medium (like glass in a prism) varies with the wavelength of light, white light disperses into a spectrum.

Because some of its protons and neutrons are too far apart, a nucleus has a tendency to fragment if it is stretched in any direction. Therefore, the nucleus tends to keep all of its dimensions as small as possible in order to maintain stability, and a spherical shape helps achieve this. Option C is therefore accurate.

An unidentified particle or element that is not mentioned in the equation is represented by the X. The equation depicts a nuclear reaction in which helium (He) and beryllium (Be) combine to form carbon (C). Another particle, denoted by X, is also a part of the reaction.

We must take into account the conservation laws in nuclear reactions in order to identify X. Both the mass number and the atomic number (proton number) need to be conserved in this situation.

There should be an equal number of neutrons on both sides of the equation if X is a neutron. This choice complies with the conservation laws since neutrons have no effect on the atomic number.

In pair production, the energy of a photon is transformed into the mass of an electron-positron pair when it is absorbed by matter, usually an atomic nucleus. Both momentum and charge are preserved throughout this process.

The rate of heat absorption is directly correlated with surface area.

Greater surface area The heat will be absorbed more.

The rectangular shape will be the best choice because it has a larger surface area.

Atoms of an element that have a different nucleon number but the same proton number are called isotopes.

The special theory of relativity does not lead to Option B. Although the theory of relativity makes use of the concept of space-time transformation, it is not a direct outcome of the theory. The theory’s other possibilities include mass variation, time dilation, and length contraction.

The number of protons and electrons in each isotope is the same. The nuclear reactions of the isotopes differ due to the difference in the ratio between the number of protons (which remains constant) and the number of neutrons.

Planck’s constant, which has a value of 6.626 × 10−34 joule-seconds, is a fundamental constant that is calculated by dividing the energy of a quantum of electromagnetic radiation by its frequency.

The process of a particle and its corresponding antiparticle colliding and mutually annihilating to produce other particles or energy is known as annihilation.When two particles with opposing charges and different quantum numbers (like the lepton or baryon numbers) collide, they can annihilate one another.

The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 ± 40 years, meaning that during the next 5,730 years, half of the radioisotope contained at any given time will spontaneously disintegrate.

The X-ray production phenomenon is thought to be the photoelectric effect’s opposite. When a high-energy photon strikes a metal surface, an electron is released, a phenomenon known as the photoelectric effect. In the opposite process, when electrons strike a metal, photons are released. This occurs during the production of X-rays.

In nuclear reactors, heavy water (D2O) is frequently employed as a moderator to slow down rapidly moving neutrons. This is due to the fact that heavy water contains deuterium, which can more efficiently slow down fast-moving neutrons through collisions because it has a larger atomic mass than hydrogen, the primary component of ordinary water.

With two neutrons and one proton, “tritium” is the heaviest isotope of water, so Option C is accurate. When traveling at the same speed as the other two isotopes, Thu will have more momentum. Velocity × mass = momentum.

Hadrons and leptons are the two particle types you should be aware of. Hadrons are particles, such as protons and neutrons, that are subject to the strong nuclear force. Similar to electrons, leptons are particles impacted by the weak nuclear force.

Quarks that can have one of six flavors make up hadrons. There are two types of protons: up and down. Because of the quark composition, the particle’s total charge is preserved. That total charge in the case of a proton is +1.

According to the provided table, a down quark has a value of -1/3.

->v=fλ 3 x 108=f x (1.0 X 10-10) f=3 x 108/1.0 X 10-10=3 x 1018

->E=hf E=(6.62607004 × 10-34 )*(3 x 1018)=1.99 x 10-15