Generate Quiz 68E0699EE7979

An external solution with a higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm or cell sap is referred to as a hypertonic solution. Water has a tendency to flow out of cells in hypertonic solutions in an effort to balance the concentration gradient. Cell shrinkage or plasmolysis may result from this.

Because lymph nodes filter substances that pass through the lymphatic fluid, option B is accurate.

For plants to have stomata, potassium (K) is essential. It promotes turgidity and pore opening by penetrating guard cells and opening stomata. Because of the decreased turgor pressure, stomata close when potassium leaves guard cells. Through stomata, this regulation permits the exchange of gases and water vapor.

Through the superior and inferior vena cava, the right atrium of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the entire body. After that, the right ventricle pumps this blood to the lungs so that it can be oxygenated.

Arteriosclerosis is a condition where artery narrowing or blockage due to cholesterol and fat accumulation results in damaged arteries.

The right and left renal arteries of the abdominal aorta supply oxygenated blood to the kidneys. The left and right renal veins exit the kidneys and flow into the inferior vena cava carrying deoxygenated blood.

A rhythmic cycle is used to set the heart contraction. This is accurate since a heartbeat is the cyclic process by which the heart contracts and relaxes at regular intervals in a particular rhythm. From the start of one heartbeat to the next, a cardiac cycle begins.

The movement or spread of cancer cells from one organ or tissue to another is known as metastasis. Typically, cancer cells spread via the lymphatic or blood systems.

White blood cells known as B cells are able to identify antigens and react to them by producing antibodies. In order to fight off an infection, B cells have the ability to activate and create a clone of plasma cells that generate a lot of particular antibodies.

Haemoglobin is broken down into haem, or iron, and globin protein, which is subsequently transformed into bilirubin, a yellowish material that the liver cells remove from the blood and store in the gall bladder as bile.

Human cells naturally produce a class of proteins called interferons, which can stop viruses from replicating. Antiviral proteins, which prevent virus reproduction, are produced by interferon.

The following things take place during atrial systole:

AV valves are open.

• The SL valves shut off

• The atria’s muscles contract to force blood into the ventricles.

• Atria deliver blood to relaxed ventricles.

The bone marrow produces hematopoietic stem cells, which are the precursors of T cells. A portion of these multipotent cells will develop into progenitor cells, which exit the bone marrow and move through the blood to the thymus. The thymus is where these cells develop. The thymus-dependent development of T cells is the source of their name.

In the bone marrow, lymphoblasts—a type of blood stem cell—develop into mature, infection-fighting lymphocytes. The primary cells that comprise lymphoid tissue, a significant component of the immune system, are lymphocytes. The thymus gland, tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes, and adenoids all contain lymphoid tissue.

An immune response without the use of antibodies is known as cell-mediated immunity. Instead, phagocyte activation, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of different cytokines in response to an antigen constitute cell-mediated immunity. Another name for humoral immunity is antibody-mediated immunity. B cells will develop into plasma B cells, which are able to generate antibodies against a particular antigen, with the aid of helper T cells. Antigens from pathogens that are freely circulating or outside of infected cells are dealt with by the humoral immune system. B cell-produced antibodies will attach to antigens and neutralize them, or they will cause phagocytosis or lysis (the breakdown or death of cells by a lysin).

Human blood has a pH that falls between 7.35 and 7.45. Therefore, 7.35 would be the right response.

Unlike monocytes and neutrophils, which are nonspecific and only produce temporary immunity, lymphocytes are crucial for the development of long-term immunity. Platelets involved in blood coagulation are also known as thrombocytes.

(b) The primary blood vessels are veins and arteries. Blood is transported from the heart to various body parts by arteries. Blood is transported to the heart via veins from various body parts.