Generate Quiz 68E428C077F88

“Iodine tincture” is a weak iodine solution used as an antiseptic. It is made by combining potassium iodide and 2-7% elemental iodine in a solution of ethanol and water.

B) Propanone is more vulnerable to nucleophilic attack than propene, which explains why hydrogen cyanide adds to propanone but not to propene. Propanone’s carbonyl carbon is an electrophilic center that nucleophiles such as HCN can attack to create a cyanohydrin. HCN, on the other hand, does not add to propene through a nucleophilic attack because it does not contain this carbonyl group.

Paraldehyde can be created by polymerizing formaldehyde (CH2O).

Secondary alcohol is created when any ketone is reduced by NaBH4, LiAlH4, or H2 (with a Ni/Pt/Pd catalyst present). C=O is reduced to > CH — OH

Acetaldehyde will hydrolyze when Grignard reagent (RMgX) is added, producing secondary alcohol. Alcohol is essentially created when these organometallic compounds react with aldehyde’s C=O bonds and break them.

Primary alcohol is produced when RMgX reacts with formaldehyde, whereas tertiary alcohol is produced when it reacts with a ketone.

The iodoform test is used to determine whether an unknown substance contains alcohols with the structure R-CH(OH)-CH3 or carbonyl compounds with the structure R-CO-CH3. Iodine, a base, and a methyl ketone react to produce a yellow precipitate and a “antiseptic” odor.

One instance of a nucleophilic addition reaction is the reaction of formaldehyde with HCN (sodium cyanide and hydrochloric acid). The following is how the reaction occurs:
H2C=O + HCN → H2C(OH)(CN)
Formaldehyde cyanohydrin, another name for hydroxymethyl cyanide, is the resultant substance. A new carbon-carbon bond and the formation of an alcohol and nitrile group are the results of the HCN’s addition to the formaldehyde’s carbonyl carbon in this product. Consequently, B, which depicts the structure of hydroxymethyl cyanide, is the right choice.

The following is a representation of the reaction:
CH3CH2CH2COCH3 + O2 → CH3COOH + CH3CH2CH2COOH
Therefore, butanoic acid and ethanolic acid will be the end products. Therefore, ethanoic acid will be the right response.

An aldehyde can be oxidized to produce the corresponding carboxylic acid using Tollens’ reagent.

The carbon in a carbonyl group, -CHO, pulls electron density and acquires a partial negative charge because it is double bonded to an electronegative oxygen. The carbon simultaneously gains a partial positive charge. Since nucleophiles donate electrons, they target and prefer the carbon center that lacks electrons. Additionally, because the double bond between carbon and oxygen can break, releasing an electron to form a bond with the nucleophile, another group, carbonyls are subject to addition reactions. Option B is correct since we can prove that carbonyls (ketone and aldehyde) experience nucleophilic addition reactions.

Friedel Craft Acylation is the reaction that is being described. C2H5O is added to the benzene ring when C2H5OCl is present along with AlCl3. CH3 is an ortho-para directing group because of this. As a result, substances are added at ortho-para positions, or (2,4) positions. Therefore, C2H5O is added at either the ortho or para position.

When aldehydes lack a hydrogen atom, Cannizzaro’s reaction takes place.

The reaction is one of disproportionation (self-oxidation-reduction). A pair of molecules

When aldehyde is present, one molecule is transformed into the

the other into the acid and the corresponding alcohol (the reduced product).

in the oxidation product, or salt form. The reaction is conducted using

a room-temperature sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at 50%.

Therefore, choice A is the right one.

Formalin is composed of 52% water, 8% methanol, and 40% formaldehyde.

Because of the stronger I-effect of the two alkyl groups and the increased Stearic hindrance provided to the attacking nucleophile, acetone is less reactive to nucleophilic addition reactions than acetaldehyde.

Two new bonds are created when a ketone and HCN react. C-OH bonds are created when the H from HCN adds to 0 in C=O, and C-CN bonds are created when -CN adds to C. Both options A and C provide the ketone, but option A contains the one with the same number of carbon atoms as the product. The resulting substance is known as “cyanohydrin” and contains both a CN and an OH group on the same carbon.

A polymerization reaction transforms formaldehyde into meta formaldehyde. When three formaldehyde molecules unite to form a ring, meta-formaldehyde is produced. Through a nucleophilic addition reaction, they come together.

A yellow iodoform precipitate is produced when methyl ketone and iodine are heated together in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Thus, the iodoform test is used to characterize methyl ketones. Methyl ketone is changed into the sodium salt of carboxylic acid in this reaction.

A crystalline white ppt of sodium bisulfite addition product adduct is created when aldehydes and small methyl ketones react with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bisulfate. The parent aldehyde or ketone is restored when the bisulfite is heated with diluted mineral acids, such as sulfuric acid or HCl.
Carbonyl compounds are separated and purified from non-carbonyl compounds, like alcohol, using this reaction.

Since the reactant, CN-, is a nucleophile that adds across the carbonyl bond, the scenario is an illustration of a nucleophilic addition reaction.
Alkene reactions that occur when an electrophile is introduced across the carbon-carbon double bond are described in Option A.
This is not the case in this instance, as Option B depicts a reaction in which one group of atoms is replaced by another group of atoms.

A reaction in which one element in a compound is swapped out for another is described in Option D.

An oxygen atom singly bound to two alkyl or aryl groups or chains R-O-R is known as an ether’s functional group.

While 2,4-DNPH reacts with carbonyl compounds (both aldehydes and ketones) to produce a colored precipitate, only aldehydes can react with mild reagents like Fehling’s solution and Benedict’s solution and also produce positive results with the silver mirror test.

In the aldol reaction, an enolate ion (produced from an aldehyde or ketone) is added to another aldehyde or ketone to form a beta-hydroxy carbonyl compound. Thus, an aldehyde or ketone (functional groups A) and the resulting beta-hydroxy carbonyl compound (having an alcohol functional group – functional group B) are both involved in the aldol reaction. Option C is therefore the right choice.

The ketone’s general structure is as follows.Two alkyl groups are joined to C atoms by the carbonyl group >C=O.

Acetaldehyde is polymerized to paraldehyde when concentrated H2SO4 is present.

Acetaldehyde + conc. H2SO4 = paraldehyde

Nucleophilic additions to the carbon-oxygen double bond are the carbonyl group’s primary reactions. A nucleophile and a hydrogen atom are added across the carbon-oxygen double bond in this addition.