Generate Quiz 68E428C1DFFB2

Dilute HNO3 can be used to oxidize ketones.

In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, acetone and HCN reduce the ketone group to alcohol and add a cyanide group to the second carbon atom.

B) Propanone is more vulnerable to nucleophilic attack than propene, which explains why hydrogen cyanide adds to propanone but not to propene. Propanone’s carbonyl carbon is an electrophilic center that nucleophiles such as HCN can attack to create a cyanohydrin. HCN, on the other hand, does not add to propene through a nucleophilic attack because it does not contain this carbonyl group.

A yellow iodoform precipitate is produced when methyl ketone and iodine are heated together in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Thus, the iodoform test is used to characterize methyl ketones. Methyl ketone is changed into the sodium salt of carboxylic acid in this reaction.

The reaction mechanism for aldol condensation is depicted in the image below, which shows that an alpha-hydrogen must be present on the alpha-carbon in order for the hydroxide ion to attack.

When diluted sulfuric acid and mercuric sulfate are present, acetylene reacts with water to form an unstable product that is subsequently rearranged to produce acetaldehyde.

Since secondary alcohols are produced when ketones are reduced, option D is accurate. The addition of hydrogen causes the -C=O group to change to the -CH(OH) group.

Because of the stronger I-effect of the two alkyl groups and the increased Stearic hindrance provided to the attacking nucleophile, acetone is less reactive to nucleophilic addition reactions than acetaldehyde.

R-CHO or R-COH is the general formula for the aldehyde group. With the formula HCOH, formaldehyde is the most basic aldehyde.

The carbonyl group (C=O) is a functional group found in aldehydes and ketones. Two aryl or alkyl groups are joined to the carbonyl carbon (RCOR’) of a ketone. Acetone, which has two methyl groups joined to the carbonyl carbon (CH3COCH3), is the most basic ketone.

Similar to a ketone, an aldehyde has at least one hydrogen atom (RCOH or R-CHO) attached to the carbonyl carbon rather than two side groups. Formaldehyde (HCOH), which has two hydrogen atoms attached to the carbonyl group, is the most basic aldehyde. Like the simple molecule acetaldehyde, which has one hydrogen and one methyl group (HCOCH3), all other aldehydes have one hydrogen bonded to the carbonyl group.

The reaction described produces acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde is an intermediate product that is produced when ethanol is oxidized with sodium dichromate and diluted sulfuric acid. As an aldehyde, acetaldehyde frequently undergoes additional oxidation to acetic acid in the presence of excess oxidizing agents or under more extreme circumstances.

When aldehyde undergoes an oxidation reaction with alkaline potassium permanganate or acidified potassium dichromate, the result is carboxylic acid.

Dehydration is the main reaction that takes place when an aldol product is heated. When the aldol product is heated, a water molecule (H2O) is extracted from the molecule, forming an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.

Iodoform, which has the formula CHI3, is a yellow solid. It is an iodine-containing organic compound known as a halogenoform. The unique scent of iodoform is well-known and frequently compared to that of antiseptics.

The carbonyl group, the function group in ketones, is located in the middle of the carbon chain. Two additional carbons are joined to the carbon of the carbonyl group. The following is the general structure of ketones:

A compound with white crystals is created when an impure carbonyl compound is combined with a saturated solution of sodium hydrogen sulfite, also known as sodium bisulfite. For this reason, carbonyl compounds are separated from non-carbonyl compounds using sodium bisulphite.

Methanal, also known as formaldehyde, is an organic compound that occurs naturally and has the formula CH₂O and the structure H−CHO.

The general formula for ketone is R-CO-R, which indicates that a carbonyl group (C=0) is surrounded by two radical groups.Only option B displays this. In option A, O is surrounded by a radical group, making it either a ketone or not. Option C is a carboxylic acid since it contains a COOH group. Option D is aldehyde since it contains a CHO group.

In the aldol reaction, an enolate ion (produced from an aldehyde or ketone) is added to another aldehyde or ketone to form a beta-hydroxy carbonyl compound. Thus, an aldehyde or ketone (functional groups A) and the resulting beta-hydroxy carbonyl compound (having an alcohol functional group – functional group B) are both involved in the aldol reaction. Option C is therefore the right choice.

Another method for determining whether reducing sugars are present is the Benedict’s solution test. Benedict’s solution contains a cupric acid and is alkaline. Benedict’s solution contains copper(II) ions that are reduced to copper(I) ions upon the addition of a reducing sugar, resulting in a brick-red precipitate of cuprous oxide. Benedict’s solution test also produces cupric citrate.

Acetyl chloride is the main product of the reaction between acetic acid and PCl5, which also produces POCl3 and HCl.

The equation below illustrates how 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) and acetone react in the presence of acid to form acetone 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone.

2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine + acetone + acid → acetone 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone + water

The aldehyde functional group is called formyl. The formyl functional group, or CHO, is obtained by removing the R group from an aldehyde. As a result, it is always “out of the chain” or at the end of the chain.

Benedict’s solution tests are used to identify reducing agents that convert copper citrate (blue solution) to “copper(I)oxide or cuprous oxide (red precipitate)”, so option C is accurate.

Named for its discoverer, Stanislao Cannizzaro, the Cannizzaro reaction is a chemical reaction in which two molecules of a non-enolizable aldehyde are disproportionated by a base to produce a primary alcohol and a carboxylic acid. When carbonyl compounds lack α-hydrogen, they will experience the Cannizzaro reaction.

The ketone’s general structure is as follows.Two alkyl groups are joined to C atoms by the carbonyl group >C=O.

Friedel Craft Acylation is the reaction that is being described. C2H5O is added to the benzene ring when C2H5OCl is present along with AlCl3. CH3 is an ortho-para directing group because of this. As a result, substances are added at ortho-para positions, or (2,4) positions. Therefore, C2H5O is added at either the ortho or para position.

Hemiacetals are created when alcohols reversibly add to aldehydes and ketones. Another alcohol can be added to this reaction to create an acetal or ketal. Due to their presence in sugars, these functional groups are significant. Option D is therefore accurate.

A small molecule (such as alcohol or water) is lost when two molecules combine in a condensation reaction. In order to create a larger molecule, this process entails removing a functional group (such as -OH or -H) from one molecule and then reacting with another molecule. For instance, when an alcohol and a carboxylic acid are combined to form an ester, a water molecule is removed first, and then the remaining components of the molecules are added to create the ester.

Mild oxidizing agents like the Tollen reagent, Fehling solution, and Benedict solution can readily oxidize only aldehydes.