Recent Attempt

The reason 2,2-dimethylpropane is correct is that when a halogen (like chlorine or bromine) is added, its highly branched structure produces only one kind of monohalogenated compound. Its highly symmetric and branching structure means that only one distinct hydrogen atom can be swapped out for a halogen atom, creating a single monohalogenated compound. Since the other hydrogen atoms are in the same chemical environments, the same product would be produced.

b) Liquid: Depending on the particular solvent being used, SN2 reactions may or may not be favored in the liquid phase. The mechanism and rate of the reaction can be affected by the type of solvent used. For SN2 reactions, polar aprotic solvents like acetone or DMF are usually preferred.

Alkynes are mixed with water when mercuric sulfate and acid are present.

Moles = Mass / Mr

= 4.4 / 48

= 0.1

● Volume= Mole x 22.4 dm3(in STP)

= 0.1 x 22.4

2.24 dm3

t has 2 H and 1 O.

Because of the electron-rich nature of their double bonds, alkenes primarily undergo addition reactions. These reactions involve the addition of new atoms or groups to the carbon-carbon double bond. The main reaction type for alkenes is an addition reaction, which happens because the pi electrons in the double bond are easily accessible to attack electrophiles.

Because the carbon atom bonded to the halogen is less sterically hindered, the SN2 mechanism is preferred for primary alkyl halides. In the slow step of the process, two molecules—the nucleophile and the alkyl halide—are involved in SN2 reactions, also known as Bimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution reactions. The process entails the nucleophile attacking and the leaving group from the alkyl halide molecule being removed at the same time. This only occurs for primary alkyl halides because, in contrast to tertiary or secondary alkyl halides, they have the least amount of steric hindrance, which permits nucleophile attack. Option D is therefore the right choice.

According to Option A, the molar volume of any gas is represented by one mole of the gas. One mole of any gas has a volume of about 22.4 liters at STP, which is defined as 0°C (273.15 Kelvin) and 1 atmosphere (101.325 kilopascals) of pressure. The molar volume of a gas at STP is the name given to this relationship. Option a) is therefore accurate.

The rate of the two-step SN1 mechanism depends on the halogenoalkane rather than the nucleophile. This means that increasing the reactant, the nucleophile, will not change the rate significantly.

The color of bromine water (Br2(aq)) is reddish brown. When any unsaturated hydrocarbon (1-Pentene or 2-Methy1-1-pentene) is encountered, it is used to identify the unsaturation. Water containing bromine loses its color.

The carbon atoms in saturated hydrocarbons are only joined by a single bond. Option A is accurate since alkanes specifically refer to saturated hydrocarbons with only one bond between carbon atoms.

Option C is accurate, as the name suggests. The choice that is appropriate is “Nucleophilic substitution reaction.”

A nucleophile swaps out another atom or group in a compound in a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The existing atom or group is displaced when the nucleophile, an electron-rich species, attacks the compound’s electrophilic center.

This is the right response.

Here is a mnemonic to help you remember this value:

6.022 is Avagadro’s number, and it’s like a mole’s zoo.

There can only be one compound when a simple benzene ring is monosubstituted (one H replaced by one X group); this means that there cannot be more than one isomer because all possible combinations would be benzene with one X and it is symmetrical.

The bond energy between C-F, C-H, C-Cl, and C-I is the highest. This pattern can be explained by the halogen atoms’ growing electronegativity, which increases the bond polarity and fortifies the bond between the halogen and carbon atoms. To put it another way, the halogen atom attracts the bonding electrons more strongly as it becomes more electronegative, strengthening the bond and making it harder to break.

FACT

Mr of CH4= 12 + (4×1)

= 16g/mol

Mr of CO2= 12 + (2×16)

= 44 g/mol

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

16g = 44g

8g to xg

x = 22

(Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) × 100 is the percentage yield.

= 18/22 x 100

= 81.81%

Alkynides are used for separation and purification when they react with an ammoniacal solution of cuprous chloride. To separate it from ethane, ethyne will precipitate copper (II) ethyne, which can be filtered out.

Water and carbon dioxide are the products of the reaction between hydrocarbon and oxygen.

C5 H1 2 + O2 → CO2 + H2 O

First, create 5 carbon dioxide by utilizing the hydrocarbon’s 5 carbons.

Next, create six waters using the twelve hydrogen atoms. Next, determine how many oxygen atoms are required.

5×O2 = 10O

6×O1 = 6O

= 16

For the equation to be balanced, 16 oxygens or reactants must be on the left. Thus,

8×O2 = 16O

Therefore,

1×C5​H12​+8×O2​→5×CO2​+6H2​O

The equation that is balanced is C5 H12 + 8O2 → 5CO2 + 6H2 O.

HC≡ CH+2Na → Na+ C-≡C- Na+ + H2
Acetylene Sodium acetylide

While the molecules in a liquid solvent will be closer to the nucleophile and may even encircle the nucleophile molecule, lowering the reaction rate because the rate is dependent on the nucleophile’s attack, the molecules in a gaseous state are far apart and have weak intermolecular forces, so they will not interact and prevent the nucleophile’s activity in SN2 reactions.

An amino group (-NH2) takes the place of one of the hydrogen atoms in the benzene ring to form aniline, a derivative of benzene. A nitrogen atom joined to two hydrogen atoms forms the amino group.

Thiophene is an aromatic heterocycle with five members that has a sulfur atom in its ring. Thiophene is the end product when hot Al2O3 (alumina) is present. The formation of pyrrole rather than thiophene occurs when NH3 (ammonia) is substituted for HS2 (hydrogen sulfide).